Urban Areas with Decentralized Employment: Theory and Empirical Work
نویسنده
چکیده
This chapter discusses theoretical and applied research in urban economics on decentralized cities, i.e., cities in which employment is not restricted to the central business district. The first section discusses informally the incentives that firms face to suburbanize. The next section summarizes the theoretical literature on decentralized cities, including both models which solve for the optimal spatial pattern of employment and models in which the spatial pattern of employment is exogenously determined. In other sections, I discuss rent and wage gradients in decentralized cities and review the empirical literature testing whether, or not, wage gradients exist in urban areas. A section covers the question of whether people follow jobs or jobs follow people to the suburbs and the last section discusses the "wasteful" commuting controversy.
منابع مشابه
Spatial distribution of US employment in an urban wage-efficiency setting*
In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution of US employment and earnings against an urban wage-efficiency background, where leisure and effort at work are complementary. Using data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) for the period 2003-2014, we analyze the spatial distribution of employment across metropolitan areas. We also empirically study the relationship between individual ea...
متن کاملDeterminants of Unemployment Duration in Iran
This study investigates the effect of individual characteristics on the unemployment duration of job seekers in Iran, using information from the Labor Force Survey in 2018 and applying of nonparametric, semi-parametric and parametric methods. The results show that the probability of employment for married males and also Married females are more likely than single people. Regional differences in...
متن کاملUsing Quantile Smoothing Splines to
The goal of this paper is to provide a statistically based deenition of employment subcenters for multicentric urban areas. In particular, we examine the shape of the employment density function using quantile smoothing splines as a nonparametric empirical speciication. This approach allows inspection of the employment gradient at the upper tail rather than the center of the employment density ...
متن کاملRural-urban interactions: a guide to the literature
TO DATE, MOST development theory and practice have focused on either “urban” or “rural” issues with little consideration of the interrelations between the two. By contrast, several empirical studies show that the linkages between urban centres and the countryside, including movement of people, goods, capital and other social transactions, play an important role in processes of rural and urban c...
متن کاملHow important is access to employment offices in Spain? An urban and non-urban perspective
The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of the accessibility to employment offices on local unemployment rates according to the distribution of three different types of municipalities: large urban, small urban and non-urban. We built a new accessibility measure taking into account the number of employment offices together with the distance and size of their catchment area. We propose an ...
متن کامل